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Business cycles modify firms’ incentives to innovate and the direction of innovation. By introducing a new measure of patent unconventionality this paper explores the impact of the business cycle on firms’ technological search strategies. We find that during upturns firms generate inventions characterized by a higher level of technological unconventionality. We also find that financially resilient and diversified firms produce more unconventional patents. While patent unconventionality is associated with technological impact and market value, firms extract more value by investing in unconventional inventions in downturns. 相似文献
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Paolo Castelnovo Massimo Florio Stefano Forte Lucio Rossi Emanuela Sirtori 《Research Policy》2018,47(9):1853-1867
The Large Hadron Collider at CERN, the European Organisation for Nuclear Research, is the world’s highest-energy particle accelerator. Its construction (1995–2008) required frontier technologies and close collaboration between CERN scientists and contracting firms. The literature on “Big Science” projects suggests that this collaboration generated economic spillovers, particularly through technological learning. CERN granted us access to its procurement database, including suppliers of LHC from 35 countries for orders over 10,000 Swiss Francs. We gathered balance-sheet data for more than 350 of these companies from 1991 to 2014, which include the years before and after that of the first order received. The study assesses, in quantitative terms, whether becoming a CERN supplier induced greater R&D effort and innovative capacity, thus enhancing productivity and profitability. The findings – which controlled for firms’ observable characteristics, macroeconomic conditions, and unobserved time, country, industry and firm-level fixed effects – indicate a statistically significant correlation between procurement events and company R&D, knowledge creation and economic performance. The correlation is chiefly driven by high-tech orders; for companies receiving non-high-tech orders, it is weaker, or even statistically not significant. 相似文献
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The role of team behavioral integration and cohesion in shaping individual improvisation 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The notion of improvisation has recently emerged in managerial studies as a viable answer to flexibly dealing with unexpected occurrences. Nonetheless, research on improvisation has essentially approached the issue through a metaphorical framework, and has regularly relied on conceptual frameworks residing either at the individual or the team-level. We investigate how team-level processes affect individual improvisation in complex project domains. Using data from 138 team leaders and members belonging to 38 information systems development teams, we test cross-level hypotheses through hierarchical linear modeling. Team behavioral integration and team cohesion positively affect individual improvisation. Moreover, cohesion positively moderates the influence of team behavioral integration on individual improvisation. In concluding this paper we offer theoretical and practical implications. 相似文献
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Massimo Papini Roberto Leonetti Maurizio Timpanelli Luca Mercatali Gavino Maciocco 《International journal for the advancement of counseling》1999,21(3):221-230
This report deals with a program to train the General Practitionners and Pediatricians (P&;P) in child and adolescent mental health (CAMH) counselling, undertaken by the Community Service child neuropsychiatrists (CNs) in the Mugello, a mountain region near Florence (Italy) of approx. 500 square miles, with about 58,000 residents of which 9,000 under eighteen years of age. The program began in 1996 and, after an organizational phase, the P&;P's professional interests and needs dealing with CAMH were tested (review phase). The remarkable P&;P's interest and motivations in CAMH were confirmed by the significant percentage (about 50%) of voluntary attendance and the high percentage (about 91%) of active participation in the meetings and by the 50% increment of first referrals to specialists during a test-period lasting two month (February--March 1997/96). A close-ended questionnaire investigated the most frequent CAMH problems faced by the P&;P, which prevalently turned out to be ordinary events. The high rate (about 54%) of missing responses to questions about the P&;P's possibility to aknowledge their own sources of knowledge on such problems and the high positive response rate (about 70%) indicating a non professional source of knowledge reveal the P&;P's awareness of professional insecurity in CAMH, and this was the cause of their difficulties in distinguishing between ordinary events and psychopathology. The P&;P replied positively in 93% of the cases to the question “do you think it is useful for your professional self-confidence to examine these problem areas in depth?” The method that they preferred proved to be “continuing training courses” (35%). These results provided the basis for the implementation phase with a continuing professional training program. The P&;P's awareness of professional insecurity and the admission of their need for training and information in CAMH motivate their requests for CNs Counselling reference in order to deal with psychiatric cases, while the P&;P's humane approach with patients, revealed during the meetings and in the questionnaire, simplifies the task of training the P&;P to become counsellors in CAMH problems which are less severe. 相似文献
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Stefano Basaglia Leonardo Caporarello Massimo Magni Ferdinando Pennarola 《International Journal of Information Management》2010
Previous research considering a normative perspective for fostering knowledge integration at the team level of analysis underscores that teams are often reluctant to share important knowledge among their members. In the attempt to provide a wider perspective on team knowledge integration, we take a different perspective, basing our arguments on team climate theoretical framework. Specifically, we argue that an autonomy and experimental climate (i.e. shared perception that the team supports autonomous action and experimentation and risk taking) can favor the team's ability to integrate members’ knowledge. Indeed, focusing on members’ willingness to contribute to team well-being, team autonomy and experimental climate may enhance the team's capability to integrate knowledge enabled by the IT infrastructure (IT knowledge integration capability). We tested our research model on a sample of 410 members and leaders of 69 organizational work teams. Results show the critical role played by team climate in favoring IT knowledge integration capability, which in turn affects team outcomes. 相似文献
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Massimo Franceschet 《Journal of Informetrics》2010,4(1):55-63
The status of a journal is commonly determined by two factors: popularity and prestige. While the former counts citations, the latter recursively weights them with the prestige of the citing journals. We make a thorough comparison of the bibliometric concepts of popularity and prestige for journals in the sciences and in the social sciences. We find that the two notions diverge more for the hard sciences, including physics, engineering, material sciences, and computer sciences, than they do for the geosciences, for biology-medical disciplines, and for the social sciences. Moreover, we identify the science and social science journals with the highest diverging ranks in popularity and prestige compilations. 相似文献
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This paper aims to disentangle the mechanisms through which technological similarity between acquiring and acquired firms influences innovation in horizontal acquisitions. We develop a theoretical model that links technological similarity to: (i) two key aspects of post-acquisition reorganization of acquired R&D operations – the rationalization of the R&D operations and the replacement of the R&D top manager, and (ii) two intermediate effects that are closely associated with the post-acquisition innovation performance of the combined firm – improvements in R&D productivity and disruptions in R&D personnel. We rely on PLS techniques to test our theoretical model using detailed information on 31 horizontal acquisitions in high- and medium-tech industries. Our results indicate that in horizontal acquisitions, technological similarity negatively affects post-acquisition innovation performance and that this negative effect is not mediated by the reorganization of the acquired R&D operations. However, replacing the acquired firm's R&D top manager leads to R&D productivity improvements that positively affect innovation performance. 相似文献
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Although most of the queries submitted to search engines are composed of a few keywords and have a length that ranges from three to six words, more than 15% of the total volume of the queries are verbose, introduce ambiguity and cause topic drifts. We consider verbosity a different property of queries from length since a verbose query is not necessarily long, it might be succinct and a short query might be verbose. This paper proposes a methodology to automatically detect verbose queries and conditionally modify queries. The methodology proposed in this paper exploits state-of-the-art classification algorithms, combines concepts from a large linguistic database and uses a topic gisting algorithm we designed for verbose query modification purposes. Our experimental results have been obtained using the TREC Robust track collection, thirty topics classified by difficulty degree, four queries per topic classified by verbosity and length, and human assessment of query verbosity. Our results suggest that the methodology for query modification conditioned to query verbosity detection and topic gisting is significantly effective and that query modification should be refined when topic difficulty and query verbosity are considered since these two properties interact and query verbosity is not straightforwardly related to query length. 相似文献